转基因大豆MON89788芯片式数字PCR定量方法的建立

针对抗虫耐除草剂大豆转基因品系MON89788,从转基因植物基因组DNA的提取、核酸模板的质量和浓度控制、引物探针的筛选、PCR反应过程的建立等方面建立了一套完整的转基因大豆芯片式dPCR定量检测方法。本实验也对该方法的重复性和定量检测限进行考察。10组5%转基因品系大豆MON89788样品定量重复性RSD在1.17%-9.97%之间,均满足国际上转基因定量结果RSD小于25%的要求。用该方法对转基因含量为5%、1%、0.1%的大豆MON89788进行定量检测,其定量结果为5.20%、0.94%和0.11%,RSD分别为6.2%、3.6%和15.2%。该检测方法的定量限达到0.1%,能满足欧盟对转基因定量标识0.9%的要求。将本实验建立的方法用于转基因大豆的定量检测,能为规范我国转基因监管工作的实施提供强有力的技术支撑。     

Merkel cell tumor of the back detected during pregnancy

Merkel cell tumor is an unusual, aggressive malignancy of skin that has been considered to be derived from cutaneous Merkel cells. We are reporting a case of Merkel cell tumor overlying the left scapula with metastases to the thoracic spine and pleura. The tumor was found incidentally in a 23-year-old pregnant black woman. The tumor recurred locally 5 months after initial wide excision. Subsequently, a second wide excision of the recurrent tumor with ipsilateral axillary dissection was performed. The course of the disease was complicated by local recurrence and formation of distant metastases to pleura and spine. At the end-stage of the disease, the patient was found to have a cardiac murmur, and echocardiography revealed a mass in the anterior wall of the right ventricle that was suspicious for a metastatic lesion. The patient expired from extensive distant metastases 23 months after diagnosis.     

Body Image Change in Obese and Overweight Persons Enrolled in Weight Loss Intervention Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether weight loss interventions improve body image in obese/overweight individuals. Medline, Current Contents, and the Cochrane database were searched to identify studies involving obese/overweight adults who were enrolled in weight loss interventions in which body image was quantitatively assessed. Outcomes assessed were changes in body shape concern, body size dissatisfaction, and body satisfaction (intervention vs comparator/control group). Seven studies were included in the systematic review (4 in the meta-analysis). All but 1 study involved female participants only. The type of weight loss intervention varied between studies as did the type of control/comparator group. In 3 studies, there was no significant difference in body image outcomes, whereas in 4 studies, improvement in body image was significantly more pronounced in the intervention vs the control/comparator group. Meta-analysis revealed that improvements in body shape concern (standardized difference: -0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.04 to 0.00), body size dissatisfaction (standardized difference: -0.66; 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.45), and body satisfaction (standardized difference: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.09 to 1.38) significantly favored the intervention over the comparator/control group (P<0.05). The results of this systematic review/meta-analysis lend support to the notion that weight loss interventions may improve body image. This is a noteworthy finding that has clear clinical applicability because body image affects psychological well-being and the ability of an individual to maintain weight loss. Future research should determine which weigh loss interventions are associated with optimal improvements in body image and maintenance of weight loss.     

Morpho-anatomical and physiological responses to waterlogging stress in different barley (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hordeum vulgare</Emphasis> L.) genotypes

Waterlogging is one of the major stresses limiting crop production worldwide. The understanding of the mechanisms of plant adaptations to waterlogging stress helps improve plant tolerance to stress. In this study, physiological responses and morpho-anatomical adaptations of seven different barley genotypes were investigated under waterlogging stress. The results showed that the waterlogging-tolerant varieties (TX9425, Yerong, TF58) showed less reduction in plant height, SPAD (soil–plant analyses development analyses) value, tillers, shoot and root biomasses than did the waterlogging-sensitive varieties (Franklin, Naso Nijo, TF57). Under waterlogging stress condition, the tolerant genotypes also showed a much larger number of adventitious roots than did the sensitive genotypes. More intercellular spaces and better integrated chloroplast membrane structures were observed in the leaves of the waterlogging-tolerant cultivars, which is likely due to increased ethylene content, decreased ABA content and less accumulation of O₂^.?. The ability to form new adventitious roots and intercellular spaces in shoots can also be used as selection criteria in breeding barley for waterlogging tolerance.     

Specific neuronal expression of human NGF receptors in the basal forebrain and cerebellum of transgenic mice

Transgenic mice carrying multiple copies of the human NGF receptor gene have been generated. Using a monoclonal antibody specific for the human receptor, we have detected specific expression in cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum during the postnatal period. Expression in the PNS was exemplified by immunostaining of sympathetic and sensory neurons during an early embryonic age. Transection of the sciatic nerve in transgenic animals resulted in induction of human NGF receptors, indicating that the inserted gene can be appropriately regulated. These transgenic mice will provide an opportunity to study the elements regulating the NGF receptor. Furthermore, the ability to obtain specific expression in transgenic mice will permit directed expression of heterologous genes in discrete cells important in the cholinergic septal-hippocampal pathway and the PNS.     

Marine incursions,cryptic species and ecological diversification in Amazonia: the biogeographic history of the croaker genus Plagioscion (Sciaenidae)

Aim We propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the marine‐derived sciaenid genus Plagioscion in the context of geomorphology and adaptation to freshwaters of South America, and assess the extent to which contemporary freshwater hydrochemical gradients influence diversification within a widely distributed Plagioscion species, Plagioscion squamosissimus. Location Amazon Basin and South America. Methods Using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the five nominal Plagioscion species, together with representatives from Pachyurus and Pachypops, using character and model‐based methods. Genealogical relationships and population genetic structure of 152 P. squamosissimus specimens sampled from the five major rivers and three hydrochemical settings/‘colours’ (i.e. white, black and clear water) of the Amazon Basin were assessed. Results Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Plagioscion in South America and identify two putative cryptic species of Plagioscion. Divergence estimates suggest that the Plagioscion ancestor invaded South America via a northern route during the late Oligocene to early Miocene. Within P. squamosissimus a strong association of haplotype and water colour was observed, together with significant population structure detected between water colours. Main conclusions Our analyses of Plagioscion are consistent with a biogeographic scenario of early Miocene marine incursions into South America. Based on our phylogenetic results, the fossil record, geomorphological history and distributional data of extant Plagioscion species, we propose that marine incursions into western Venezuela between the late Oligocene and early Miocene were responsible for the adaptation to freshwaters in Plagioscion species. Following the termination of the marine incursions during the late Miocene and the establishment of the modern Amazon River, Plagioscion experienced a rapid diversification. Plagioscion squamosissimus arose during that time. The formation of the Amazon River probably facilitated population and range expansions for this species. Further, the large‐scale hydrochemical gradients within the Amazon Basin appear to be acting as ecological barriers maintaining population discontinuities in P. squamosissimus even in the face of gene flow. Our results highlight the importance of divergent natural selection through time in the generation and maintenance of sciaenid diversity in Amazonia.     

大豆下胚轴可溶性蛋白中钙激活的蛋白激酶

大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍ ａｘ Ｌ．） 下胚轴可溶性蛋白提取液进行自磷酸化，以ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳分析其标记产物时发现，当有较高浓度的Ｃａ２＋ 存在于反应液中时，有一条１８ ｋＤ蛋白带被高强度标记，同时也可观察到另一条标记强度不高的６７ ｋＤ蛋白带． 当反应时间延长到１５ 或３０ｍ ｉｎ 时，它们的标记强度都逐渐减弱，最终从放射自显影底片上消失；在反应液中加入钙螯合剂ＥＧＴＡ 时，则只有６７ ｋＤ 被高强度标记；在磷酸化反应过程中加入非标记ＡＴＰ，蛋白中的３２Ｐ逐渐被非标记磷取代，表明反应体系处于磷酸化－脱磷酸化的平衡过程中，并有结果显示这一过程是钙依赖性的． 组蛋白Ｈ１ 可以使反应进程加快，表明提取液中的蛋白激酶可以利用它作为底物． 综合结果表明，１８ ｋＤ和６７ ｋＤ蛋白可能是具有自磷酸化能力且对Ｃａ２＋ 敏感的蛋白激酶，它们对Ｃａ２＋ 的不同反应，使得钙信号的传递更具可控性     

具有阶段结构和免疫反应的病毒动力学模型的全局稳定性

研究了一类被感染细胞具有潜伏和活性两阶段以及免疫反应的病毒动力学模型.通过建立适当的Lyapunov泛函和使用LaSalle不变集原理,获得当σ≤1,ω≤1σ和σω1时,对应的未感染平衡点P,体液免疫未激活的无免疫感染平衡点M,体液免疫已激活的感染平衡点N是全局渐近稳定的充分条件.所获得结果推广了Nowak(1996)和Bangham(1997)的工作,得到了一些新结果.     

GsCML27, a Gene Encoding a Calcium-Binding Ef-Hand Protein from Glycine soja,Plays Differential Roles in Plant Responses to Bicarbonate,Salt and Osmotic Stresses

Calcium, as the most widely accepted messenger, plays an important role in plant stress responses through calcium-dependent signaling pathways. The calmodulin-like family genes (CMLs) encode Ca²⁺ sensors and function in signaling transduction in response to environmental stimuli. However, until now, the function of plant CML proteins, especially soybean CMLs, is largely unknown. Here, we isolated a Glycine soja CML protein GsCML27, with four conserved EF-hands domains, and identified it as a calcium-binding protein through far-UV CD spectroscopy. We further found that expression of GsCML27 was induced by bicarbonate, salt and osmotic stresses. Interestingly, ectopic expression of GsCML27 in Arabidopsis enhanced plant tolerance to bicarbonate stress, but decreased the salt and osmotic tolerance during the seed germination and early growth stages. Furthermore, we found that ectopic expression of GsCML27 decreases salt tolerance through modifying both the cellular ionic (Na⁺, K⁺) content and the osmotic stress regulation. GsCML27 ectopic expression also decreased the expression levels of osmotic stress-responsive genes. Moreover, we also showed that GsCML27 localized in the whole cell, including cytoplasm, plasma membrane and nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts and onion epidermal cells, and displayed high expression in roots and embryos. Together, these data present evidence that GsCML27 as a Ca²⁺-binding EF-hand protein plays a role in plant responses to bicarbonate, salt and osmotic stresses.